V
John
Nhial was barely a teenager when he was grabbed by a Sudanese guerrilla army
and forced to become a child soldier. He spent four years fighting, with guns
almost too heavy to hold, until one day the inevitable happened: he was
seriously injured, treading on a landmine while he was on morning patrol. “I
stepped on it and it exploded,” he recalled. “It threw me up and down again –
and then I tried to look for my leg and found that there was no foot.”
His
comrades carried him back to base camp, but there was hardly any medical care
available. It took 25 days before he received proper treatment, during which
time he developed tetanus down one side of his body. Finally, Nhial was put on
a flight to the Kenyan border, his life only saved when he was handed over to a
Red Cross team.Now, a decade later, he lives in a Juba refugee camp, having
suffered further troubles in the conflict of South Sudan. He plays wheelchair
basketball for his country, although he relies on a prosthetic lower leg to
struggle around the muddy, sprawling camp. But
at least his hands are free to carry things such as food and water, unlike
those on crutches.
The
World Health Organization estimates there are about 30 million people like
Nhial who require prosthetic limbs, braces or other mobility devices, yet less
than 20% have them. Prosthetics can involve a lot of work and an investment
of time and financial cost to patients,
who may have to travel long distances for treatment that can take five days.
However,
technology may be hurtling to the rescue – in the shape of 3D
printing. It has been revolutionising aspects of
medicine since the start of the century, just as it has had an impact on so
many other industries, from cars to clothing. Perhaps this is not surprising,
given that its key benefit is to enable the rapid and cost-efficient creation
of bespoke products. There are few commercial products that need to suit a
wider variety of shapes and sizes than medical devices made for human beings.
Experts
have developed 3D-printed skin for burn victims, splints for infants, facial
reconstruction parts for cancer patients, orthopaedic implants for pensioners.
The fast-developing technology has churned out more than 60m customised
hearing-aid shells and ear moulds, while it is daily producing thousands of
dental crowns and bridges from digital scans of teeth, replacing the
traditional wax modelling methods used for centuries.So it is no surprise that
the technology has begun to stir interest in the field of prosthetics, even if
sometimes by accident.
Adapted
from The Guardian
Question
1: [2,5 POINTS] Indicate whether the following statements are true or false and
write down which part of the text justifies your answer.
a)
John Nhial participated in the Sudanese guerrilla against his will.
b)
Nhial got his treatment in his country thanks to the Red Cross team.
c)
Doctors and experts travel and invest money to help their patients.
d)
The mayority of people in Sudan have prosthetics because of these conflicts.
e) 3D
printers are used for other kinds of accidents or incidents.
Question 2:
[1,5 POINTS] Find words or phrases in the text that correspond to the words and
definitions given.
a)
Taken by force (paragraph 1)
b)
Face with difficulty ( paragraph 2)
c)
Money or time you spend for a good purpose ( paragraph 3)
d)
Designed, made to measure ( paragraph 4)
e) Mass-
produced ( paragraph5 )
Question 3: [2
POINTS] Choose the most suitable answer (a, b or c) according to the text and
write down the answer.
1. In spite of…
a)
the fact that he was amputating, he continued with his rhythm of life.
b)
being amputated John Nhial has continued with his rhythm of life.
c)
having being amputated, he continued with his rhythm of life.
2.If experts hadn´t run different tests…
a)
They wouldn´t develop prosthetics in these patients nowadays.
b)
They would have developed prosthetics in these patients nowadays.
c)
They wouldn´t have developed prosthetics in these patients nowadays.
3. Many
companies have seen the impact of 3D- printing products.
a)
Nevertheless, they would create more gadgets and tools for its improvement.
b)
That´s why they would create more gadgets and tools for its improvement.
c)
Even though they would create more gadgets and tools for its improvement.
4.New methods and designs
a)
would have been turned into reality in a near future.
b)
will be turned into reality in a near future.
c)
would be turning into reality in a near future.
Question 4: [4
POINTS] Write a short essay (about 120-150 words) on the following topic:
Advantages and disadvantages of new
technology in medicine.
from Lorena Barquín
KEY VA
Question 1:
a)
TRUE “when he was grabbed by a Sudanese guerrilla army and
forced to become a child soldier”
b)
FALSE “Finally, Nhial was put on a flight to the Kenyan
border, his life only saved when he was handed over to a Red Cross team”
c) FALSE “Prosthetics can involve a lot of work and an investment of time and financial cost to patients, who may
have to travel long distances for treatment that can take five days.”
d) FALSE “The World Health Organization estimates there are about 30 million people
like Nhial who require prosthetic limbs, braces or other mobility devices, yet
less than 20% have them”
e) TRUE “Experts have developed 3D-printed skin for burn victims,
splints for infants, facial reconstruction parts for cancer patients,
orthopaedic implants for pensioners”
Question
2:
a) Taken by force (paragraph 1)-
GRABBED
b) Face with difficulty (
paragraph 2) - STRUGGLE
c) Money or time you spend for a
good purpose ( paragraph 3) INVEST
d) Designed, made to measure (
paragraph 4)- BESPOKE
e) Mass- produced ( paragraph5 )-
CHURNED OUT
Question 3:
1. b)
2.
3. b) That´s why they would create more gadgets and tools for its improvement.
4. b)
will be turned into reality in a near future.
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